Virology & Immunology

Research

Vaccine Research

The spike-protein or S protein, binds to the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of the receptor i.e. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE-2) which is present on the host cell.

Autoimmune diseases

Autoimmune

Drug development

Molecular dynamics of Host receptor-Drug complex

Breast cancer

The spike-protein or S protein, binds to the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of the receptor i.e. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE-2) which is present on the host cell.

EBV

Epstein - Barr virus (EBV), is a herpesvirus. The virus is transmitted through saliva, and resides in the epithelial cells of the oral cavity.

Mosquitoes Research

Blood meal intake by Aedes mosquitoes: a simple new method for in vitro experimentations

Dengue

Dengue and its severe forms, the Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever and the Dengue Shock Syndrome have been a major health problem since the past many years.

Plant product

Isolation of Larvicidal component(s) from Calotropis procera against Aedes mosquitoes.

Biosensors

Biosensor for HCV detection in patient samples coupled with double-noble nanoparticles on carbon ink-patterned paper electrode

Respiratory Viruses

Respiratory viruses including recently appeared Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infect nasopharyngeal route extending its infectivity up to alveolar cells of lungs in case of SARS-CoV-2.

HCV

Hepatitis C virus infection is one of the main causes of liver disease that can lead to liver cirrhosis and finally to the chronic development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC).

Publications

Publications with Sharda affiliation (2021 onwards)

Singh S, Kumari K, Angel A, Angel B, Joshi V, Abdin MZ, Fatima S, Farooqi H, Narang J. 2026. Ultra-sensitive impedimetric biosensor for HCV detection in patient samples coupled with double-noble nanoparticles on carbon ink-patterned paper electrode. Microchimica Acta, 193:47.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-025-07796-5.
Chouhan R, Joshi V, Angel A, Angel B. 2025. Characterization of extrinsic and intrinsic forms of dengue virus – a cohort study. Journal of Entomology Research, 49 (4): 919-921.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-4576.2025.00154.1
Singh N, Angel A, Angel B, Shareef BM, Joshi V, Singh DK, Sharma B. 2025. SARS-CoV-2 induced non alkaline pH impacts oxygen binding affinity of hemoglobin. Indian Journal of Respiratory Care, 10.5005./jp-journals-11010-1207
Dheer M, Angel A, Joshi V, Shareef BM, Angel B, Sawhney H, et al. 2025. In-Silico Study on the Role of Epstein Barr Virus to Translocate Tobacco Constituents into Blood to Lead to Oral Cancer. ASM Science Journal, 20 (2), 1-6.

https://doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2025.0067
Tomar K, Angel A, Joshi V, Angel B, Gadpayle AK, Shareef BM, Khaneja P. 2025. ACE2 Engagement in Virus Internalization Could Lead to Reduced Efficiency of RAAS Pathway Causing Hyponatremia as Negative Prognostic Factor Among COVID-19 patients. Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy, 19(3) 2521-2524, DOI: 10.5530/ctbp.2025.3.34
Joshi R, Joshi V, Angel B, Angel A, Rao SR. 2025. Determination of molecular diversity based on Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequences of nrDNA in Commiphora wightii (Art.) Bhandari (Guggul). Research Journal of Biotechnology, 20(9); 166-175; DOI: https://doi.org/10.25303/209rjbt1660175
Shareef BM, Joshi V, Angel B, Angel A, Sharma B. 2025. Enhanced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress due to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus -2 Delta Strain could Induce Cytokine Storm Causing More Clinical Severities/Mortalities. International Journal of Advancement in Life Sciences Research, 8(3), 94-100.

DOI: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31632/ijalsr.2022.v08i03.008
Singh N, Angel A, Joshi V, Angel B, Sharma B. 2025. Study of Carboxyhemoglobin Levels of Patients of Respiratory Viral Infections: An important clinical indicator of severity. Research Journal of Biotechnology; 20 (8): 197-203.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.25303/208rjbt1970203
Sharma B, Angel B, Angel A, Joshi V, Shareef BM, Singh N, et al. 2025. Mutations in RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase could be major cause of high pandemic potential of SARS‐CoV‐2: An in‐silico study. Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology. 30(2): 98-106.
Chauhan R, Joshi V, Angel B, Angel A, Shareef BM, Chauhan VS, et al. 2025. Interaction of host miRNA and viral RNA of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) as new drug targets against development of Hepato Cellular Carcinoma (HCC). Science & Technology Asia. 30 (2): 256-267.
Jethani J, Samad SA, Choudhary A, Brijwal M, Angel B, Joshi V. 2025. Incidence of respiratory viral infections in adults following hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) at a tertiary care hospital in India. Virus disease.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-025-00925-x
Sharma B, Angel B, Angel A, Joshi V, Singh N. 2025.Comparative study of pro-Inflammatory and anti-Inflammatory cytokines for understanding the severity in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 and other Respiratory viruses. Research journal of Biotechnology, 20 (7); 43-46.

https://doi.org/10.25303/207rjbt043046
Joshi V, Sharma B, Angel A, Angel B, Mehta M, Shareef BM. 2025. Presence of Human Metapneumovirus Associated with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 and Corresponding Cytokine Levels in Human Patients. Advances in Human Biology; 10.4103/aihb.aihb_16_25
Singh N, Angel A, Joshi V, Angel B, Shareef BM, Sharma B, Peer NM, et al 2025. Possible Role of Antihypertensive Drugs in Blocking the Host Receptor Angiotensin-converting Enzyme 2 among Patients of COVID-19. Advances in Human Biology; 10.4103/aihb.aihb_72_24
Shareef BM, Joshi V, Angel B, Angel A, Khaneja P, Dheer M, Sharma B et al. 2025. Study of Concentration of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2 (ace-2) Receptor Proteins In Different Age Groups And Gender With Reference To Susceptibility Towards Sars-cov-2. Indian Journal of Respiratory Care, 14(1):72–74.

https://www.ijrc.in/journal/aop/IJRC/1
Shareef BM, Joshi V, Angel B, Angel A, Khaneja P, Joshi R. 2025. Intracellular alterations, vacuolization and bypass mechanism by SARS-CoV-2 infection could be the possible basis of respiratory distress and hypoxia. Tissue and cell, 95: 102896.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tice.2025.102896
Chouhan R, Angel B, Angel A, Joshi V. 2025. Incidence of Dengue Virus Types in Mosquito Population from Urban, Peri-urban and Rural Settings of Jodhpur, Rajasthan to Predict the Risk of Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever. Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 19(1):470-475

https://doi.org/10.22207/JPAM.19.1.37
Chaudhary H, Joshi V, Angel B, Angel A. 2025. Implications of proteins and possibilities of vaccine molecule development for Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) induced oral carcinomas. International Journal of Biotechnology and Microbiology, 7 (4), 81-86.
Ismail MM, Bello SU, Angel B, Ismail M. 2025. The Biophysical Role of Blood Membrane Proteins in Viral Transport: A Review. Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences (DUJOPAS), 11(4c): 321-328.

https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/dujopas.v11i4c.28
Khaneja P, Angel A, Angel B, Joshi V, Shareef BM. 2025. Proteomic basis of antigenic shift of Coronavirus from animal to human hosts. Research Journal of Biotechnology, 20 (2), 134-139

https://doi.org/10.25303/202rjbt1340139
Peer NM, Joshi V, Angel B, Angel A, Shareef BM. 2025. Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): Association and molecular causes of HCV transformation to HCC. Research Journal of Biotechnology, 20 (2), 71-78.

https://doi.org/10.25303/202rjbt071078
Haokip L, Vagdevi K, Angel A, Angel B, Joshi V, Dheer M, Sharma P. 2025. Isolation of Selected Epstein - Barr Virus Genes in Swab Samples of Suspected Cases. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 10(7), 1426-1430.

https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25jul992
Chaudhary H, Mavi S, Joshi V, Angel B, Angel A. 2025. Molecular detection and correlation of real-time PCR CT values with clinical manifestations and severity of Influenza A in respiratory illness patients. International Journal of Biotechnology and Microbiology. 7(2), 27-30.
Peer NM, Joshi V, Angel A, Angel B, Shareef BM. 2024. Risk Factors for Progression of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection to Hepato Cellular Carcinoma (HCC). International Journal of Advancement in Life Sciences Research, 7(4) 146-156

https://doi.org/10.31632/ijalsr.2024.v07i04.013
Khaneja P, Angel A, Shareef BM, Barthwal S, Sharma B, Singh N. 2024. Mass spectrometric study of proteins of various variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2. Advanced Studies in Biology, 16(1), 193-199
Angel A, Angel B, Khaneja P, Joshi V. 2024. Blood meal intake by Aedes mosquitoes: a simple new method for in vitro experimentation. Journal of Entomological Research, 48 (4), 641-643

http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-4576.2024.00125.0
Peer NM, Joshi V, Gul I, Angel B, Khan AS, Kumari K, Chitransh A. 2024. Role of Hepatitis C viral proteins influencing functional efficiency of Tumor Suppressor Proteins. Advanced Studies in Biology, 16 (1), 187-192

https://doi.org/10.12988/asb.2024.91965
Khan AS, Angel B, Angel A, Joshi V, Shareef BM. 2024. Consequences of Genomic Mutations and Altered Proteins of SARS-CoV-2 on the Efficacy of Vaccine. Research Journal of Biotechnology, 19(12), 93-100

https://doi.org/10.25303/1912rjbt0930100
Khaneja P, Angel A, Joshi V, Angel B, Shareef BM, Barthwal S, Sharma B, et al. 2024. Relative Cellular Organelle Damage Caused by Wuhan and Delta Strains of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Advanced Studies in Biology, 16 (1), 125 – 138

https://doi.org/10.12988/asb.2024.91909
Barthwal S, Angel B, Angel A, Joshi V, Praveen U, Khaneja P, Buvvaji SM, Joshi R. 2024. Serosurveillance of Post vaccination SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Covishield and Covaxin Vaccinated Subjects. Indian Journal of Community Health, 36(5):661-673.

https://doi.org/10.47203/IJCH.2024.v36i05.007
Hasan MR, Sharma P, Mehta Y, Angel A, Angel B, Joshi V, Narang J. 2024. QR-code enabled additive manufactured multiplex-immunosensor to detect DENV serotypes in dengue patient validate with indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT). Biosensors and Bioelectronics 263, 116561.
Khan AS, Angel B, Angel A, Joshi V, Shareef BM, Khaneja P, et al. 2024. Stability of Envelope proteins of SARS-CoV-2 Variants could be a choice of new Drug Target. International Journal of Experimental Research and Review, 42, 111-119
Barthwal S, Angel B, Angel A, Joshi V, Praveen U, Bhardwaj UD, Shareef BM, et al. 2024. Evaluating the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) among post vaccinated subjects of COVID-19 vaccine: A cohort study. Multidisciplinary Science Journal. 6. 10.31893/multiscience.2024240.

http://dx.doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2024240
Peer NM, Joshi V, Angel A, Angel B, Chauhan VS, Shareef BM, et al. 2024. Characterization of Circulating HCV genotypes: A cohort study in Uttar Pradesh, India. Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology. 18(2):1057-1063

https://doi.org/10.22207/JPAM.18.2.21
Khaneja P, Angel A, Joshi V, Angel B, Shareef BM, Dheer M, et al. 2024. In-Vitro studies of Relative Intracellular Alterations caused by Three Variants of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Journal of Cellular Biotechnology. 10 (2): 125-130. DOI: 10.3233/JCB-240139
Shareef BM, Joshi V, Angel B, Angel A, Sharma B, Singh N, et al. 2024. Role of Furin activation sites as receptors for infiltration of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 into human cells. Journal of Health Science and Medical Research, [S.l.], p. e20241051, 2024. ISSN 2630-0559. Available at:

https://www.jhsmr.org/index.php/jhsmr/article/view/1051
Sharma B, Shareef BM, Angel B, Angel A, Joshi V, et al. 2023. Repurposed drug molecule targeting NSP12 protein of SARS-CoV-2: An In-silico study. AIMS Molecular Science; 10 (4): 322-342.
Shahid M, Jain P, De A, Angel B, Angel A, Mallick S, Joshi V. 2023. Synthesis, DFT study, molecular docking and larvicidal activity of Chitin inhibitor alanine derived compounds. Polyhedron. 245: 116629
Joshi V, Shareef BM, Angel B, Angel A, Joshi R, et al. 2023. Molecular Basis of Host-Virus Interactions to Explain Relative Transmission and Severity Caused by Omicron and Delta variants of SARS-CoV-2. Journal of Pure Applied and Microbiology. 17(3):1612-1619. doi: 10.22207/JPAM.17.3.22
Barthwal S, Angel B, Angel A, Joshi V, Shareef BM, et al. 2023.Neutralizing possibilities of whole virion and mRNA vaccine triggered antibodies of Wuhan strain of SARS-CoV-2 with receptor binding domains of spike proteins of Delta and Omicron strains. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine. 16(2): 92-94.
Vyas P, Jaiswal S, Joshi V, Angel B, Angel A, Manzoor U, Joshi R. 2023. Analysis of Genetic Diversity among populations of an endangered medicinal plant Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari (Guggul) using Molecular Markers. Journal of Plant Science Research, 39 (2), 141–152
Angel A, Angel B, Joshi V, Jindal M, Rastogi P, et al. 2022. Correlation between hematological parameters, blood urea level and mortality of Covid-19 patients. International Journal of Health and Allied Sciences. 11:70-74
Khan AS, Angel B, Angel A, Joshi V, Shareef BM, et al. 2022. Study of surface potential and hydrophobicity of amino acids in mutated spike proteins of variants of SARS-CoV-2 and its impact on attachment and internalization of virus with human host cells. Advanced Studies in Biology, 14(1):111-127.
Angel B, Angel A, Joshi V, Jindal M, Rastogi P, Peer N, Shareef BM, Sadhu S, Singh S, Sharma S, Priya K, Chouhan R, Jethani J. 2021. Significance of addressal of clinical investigations of Kidney functions in recovery/mortality of COVID-19 patients: A preliminary study. Biosciences Biotechnology Research Communications. 14 (4): 1985-1991.
Jethani J, Samad S, Kumar P, Angel B, Wig N, Choudhary A, Brijwal M, Kumar L, Dar L. Human metapneumovirus infection in haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: a case series. Virus disease. 2021 Mar;32(1):140-145. doi: 10.1007/s13337-021-00670-x.

Projects

The faculties working in the Centre have been awarded with Government funds as well as Institutional funds (Sharda Seed grant), the details of which are as follows:

Extramural grants (Sharda affiliated)

Bioinformatics study of spatial distribution of variants of SARS CoV-2 & other respiratory viruses in India: In-Silico and wet lab studies of structural & non-structural protein mutations and their compatibility with vaccine/drug molecules

PI: Dr Annette Angel

Agency: Indian Council of Medical Research, GOI

Year : 2023-2026
A Case-Control study on large hospital data base to implicate role of co- morbidities causing mortality of COVID-19 patients and development of a new RT-PCR based algorithm as predictor of clinical outcome

PI: Dr Bennet Angel

Agency: Indian Council of Medical Research, GOI

Year : 2022-2025
A Health Informatics Study of Association of Hepatitis C Viral Proteins and Human Tumor Suppressing Proteins Leading to Hepato-Cellular Carcinoma

PI:Dr Vinod Joshi

Funding Agency: Indian Council of Medical Research, GOI

Year : 2020-2023

Patents

Kumbhat S. Miura N, Joshi V, Shankaran DR, Gobi KV. 2016. Affinity Biosensor for Dopamine (Patent No. 271054, Grant date: 29.1.2016)
Jain P, Shahid M, Angel B, De A, Angel A, Joshi V. 2023. Organo-Copper Complex and a Larvicidal Composition comprising the same. (Patent no. 202311010155, published 5.5.2023)
Angel B, Angel A, Joshi V, Mehta I, Bhardwaj V, Shareef BM, Joshi R, Khaneja P.2023. A High Efficacy Larvicidal Formulation from Calotropis procera. (Patent number. 202311059367, Published on 6.10.2023)
Joshi V, Angel A, Angel B, Joshi R, Shareef BM. 2024. Vaccine Targeting Conserved Region of Coronavirus (Provisional Indian Patent Application no 202411030338, filed on April 15, 2024).
Angel A, Khan AS, Shareef BM, Joshi V, Angel B, Joshi R. An Envelope Protein and Membrane Glycoprotein Based Vaccine Composition Against Sars-cov-2 (Patent Application no. No.202511013009 A published on 28.2.25).
Joshi R, Singh P, Singh S, Joshi V, Rao SR, Angel A, Angel B. Cordyceps militaris, a novel bio-larvicide against dengue and malaria vectors (Patent no. 202411090067 A, Published on 6.12.24)
Joshi R, Singh P, Singh S, Joshi V, Rao SR, Angel A, Angel B. Method for preparation of Cordyceps militaris with high cordycepin content. (Patent no. 202511081806 A, published on 17.10.2025)
Shareef BM, Joshi V, Angel A, Angel B, Sharma B, Joshi R, Khaneja P. 2025. An Adenosine analogue based compound against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (Patent no. 202411032512, filed on 25.10. 2025).

Collaboration

We are a group of scientists cum academicians with expertise in the field of medical virology and immunology. In the past, we have been associated with various organizations like Max Healthlife, Delhi; Jamia Hamdard, Delhi; AIIMS, Jodhpur, ICMR institute (DMRC, Jodhpur); Breast Cancer Hub, USA, World society of Virology, Egypt, RSTMH, UK and others. We are open for any collaboration with Institutes of National and International level. Please feel free to interact us via email.

Past MOU's

For research activities on Breast Cancer under the MoU signed between Dr. Lopamudra Das Roy, Founder and President (Cancer Research Professor) Breast Cancer Hub Corporation, North Carolina, U.S.A and Dr. Vinod Joshi, Professor Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Science and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
For research and academic activities between Royal Society of Tropical medicine and Hygiene, UK (Dr Tamar Ghosh, CEO) and Dr. Vinod Joshi, Professor Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Science and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
For research activities between SO Young Life Science Corporation, USA (Dr Avinash Seth, CEO) and Dr. Vinod Joshi, Professor Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Science and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.